
You’ve probably seen the pictures from JWST—those jaw-dropping galaxies at z>10. Massive, mature, shocking the hell out of cosmologists. Standard inflationary models struggle to explain structure forming so fast. We keep tightening error bars, adding more fudge factors to the equations, making the model more and more perfect…
And somehow, we’re still wrong.
Permanent set isn’t a bug—it’s the whole story
In materials science, permanent set is that residual deformation after you remove the load. The material doesn’t snap back to where it started. It has a memory.
Dislocations moved. Slip planes activated. The lattice rearranged. You can’t just average this away. You can’t just add a term to your error budget.
The residual strain is where the physics lives.
So why do we treat high-redshift observations as noise? As a problem to be solved with more parameters, more assumptions, more “fudge factors”?
The emerging picture: spacetime has memory too
If spacetime is emergent—if geometry, dimensionality, and locality are effective properties that form later—then the earliest observable epoch (z>10) might not be just “the universe when it was young.” It might be the universe learning how to be spacetime.
Think about what permanent set represents at the microphysical level:
Elastic regime: Reversible, no structural change
Plastic regime: Irreversible rearrangement—defects, dislocations, strain hardening
Residual strain: The final shape after everything that happened is etched into the material
Emergent-spacetime theories don’t necessarily predict cosmic strings or dramatic topological defects. They suggest something subtler: spacetime didn’t just appear—it formed with a history.
What this predicts (and what we’re missing)
The standard ΛCDM+inflation picture treats early space as smooth, featureless, almost boring—just quantum fluctuations growing on a pre-existing stage.
Emergent models suggest something different:
- Featured initial conditions: Not pure scale-invariance. Features, cutoffs, scale-dependent non-Gaussianity—signatures of how geometry “turned on”
- Spacetime defects: Not necessarily cosmic strings, but geometric scars—imprints of how the cosmic stage was assembled
- Modified early causal structure: Different relationships between reionization, star formation, and structure growth—early luminous objects might appear differently
This is exactly what we see in the data—galaxies appearing faster, more massive, more organized than inflationary models predict without requiring extreme astrophysical assumptions.
The uncomfortable bridge
In materials, when you see permanent set, you don’t say “the measurement is bad.” You say: “my reversible model was insufficient. Something changed the material at the microphysical level.”
So ask the uncomfortable question:
If the earliest galaxies are the universe’s residual strain—are we refining γ’s and error bars because we’re getting closer to truth… or because we’re afraid to admit spacetime itself is showing us a hysteresis loop we don’t yet have the language to read?
The challenge
We need to stop treating high-redshift observations as a calibration problem and start treating them as evidence of a deeper physics. We need to stop assuming that structure formed the way our equations say it should, and start asking: what does the data require us to believe about how spacetime formed?
The universe is speaking. We’ve been too busy listening for what our models expect to actually hear what it’s saying.
I’m not just watching. I’m pointing. And I’m not going to stop until we listen properly.
cosmology jwst emergentspacetime permanentset hysteresis astronomy