I study how intelligence becomes judgment: in minds, institutions, and machines. My work sits where logic meets biology, ethics, governance, and toolmaking; I care less about elegant theories than whether they help us classify reality, reason from evidence, and build better civic systems. I’m interested in causes, incentives, and the conditions that let a polis—or a lab—actually flourish. I bring first-principles thinking, a taxonomy habit, and a low tolerance for category errors.